3/2/2024 0 Comments Lydian stater coin![]() This etiological eponym served to account for the Greek ethnic name Lydoi (Λυδοί). 7) adds that the "Meiones" were renamed Lydians after their king Lydus (Λυδός), son of Atys, during the mythical epoch that preceded the Heracleid dynasty. 385) Hyde may have been the name of the district in which Sardis was located. Homer describes their capital not as Sardis but as Hyde ( Iliad xx. 431) refers to the inhabitants of Lydia as Maiones (Μαίονες). According to Greek source, the original name of the Lydian kingdom was Maionia (Μαιονία), or Maeonia: Homer ( Iliad ii. In Hittite times, the name for the region had been Arzawa. Lydia developed after the decline of the Hittite Empire in the 12th century BC. History Early history: Maeonia and Lydia Lydian finally became extinct during the 1st century BC. Lydian had also undergone extensive syncope, leading to numerous consonant clusters atypical of most Indo-European languages. Similar to other Anatolian languages, it featured extensive use of prefixes and grammatical particles to chain clauses together. Due to its fragmentary attestation, the meanings of many words are unknown but much of the grammar has been determined. The Lydian language was an Indo-European language in the Anatolian language family, related to Luwian and Hittite. After the Persian conquest the River Maeander was regarded as its southern boundary, and during imperial Roman times Lydia comprised the country between Mysia and Caria on the one side and Phrygia and the Aegean Sea on the other. Later, the military power of Alyattes and Croesus expanded Lydia, which, with its capital at Sardis, controlled all Asia Minor west of the River Halys, except Lycia. It was bounded first by Mysia, Caria, Phrygia and coastal Ionia. The boundaries of historical Lydia varied across the centuries. Geography Büyük Menderes River also known as Maeander is a river in Lydia. Tripolis on the Meander is an ancient Lydian city in Turkey. Portrait of Croesus, last King of Lydia, Attic red-figure amphora, painted ca. However, the Lydian language is usually not categorized as part of the Luwic subgroup, unlike the other nearby Anatolian languages Luwian, Carian, and Lycian. The region of the Lydian kingdom was during the 15th–14th centuries BC part of the Arzawa kingdom. Lydia is called Kisitan by Hayton of Corycus (in The Flower of the History of the East), a name which was corrupted to Quesiton in The Travels of Sir John Mandeville. These in the Greek tradition are associated with Sardis, the capital city of King Gyges, constructed during the 7th century BC. The endonym Śfard (the name the Lydians called themselves) survives in bilingual and trilingual stone-carved notices of the Achaemenid Empire: the satrapy of Sparda ( Old Persian), Saparda, Babylonian Sapardu, Elamitic Išbarda, Hebrew סְפָרַד Səp̄āraḏ. Defining Lydia The temple of Artemis in Sardis. Lydian coins, made of silver, are among the oldest in existence, dated to around the 7th century BC. In 133 BC, it became part of the Roman province of Asia. In 546 BC, it became a province of the Achaemenid Persian Empire, known as the satrapy of Lydia or Sparda in Old Persian. At its greatest extent, during the 7th century BC, it covered all of western Anatolia. ![]() The Kingdom of Lydia existed from about 1200 BC to 546 BC. The ethnic group inhabiting this kingdom are known as the Lydians, and their language, known as Lydian, was a member of the Anatolian branch of the Indo-European language family. Lydia ( Lydian: □□□□□□, Śfarda Aramaic: Lydia Greek: Λυδία, Lȳdíā Turkish: Lidya) was an Iron Age kingdom of western Asia Minor located generally east of ancient Ionia in the modern western Turkish provinces of Uşak, Manisa and inland Izmir. The gymnasium complex of Sardis, the capital of Lydia
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